Current Project Research Articles

Working From Within: The Rural Community Participatory Design Framework.

This article describes the development of the rural community-based participatory design framework to guide healthcare design teams in their integration of rural community and clinical voice during the planning, design, and construction of a healthcare facility. Rural communities are facing an alarming rate of healthcare facility closures, provider shortages, and dwindling resources, which are negatively impacting population health outcomes. A prioritized focus on rural care access and delivery requires design teams to have a deeper understanding of the contextual considerations necessary for a successful healthcare facility project, made possible through engagement and partnership with rural dwelling community members and healthcare teams. The rural community participatory design framework is adapted from the rural participatory research model, selected due to its capture of key concepts and characteristics of rural communities. Underpinning theories included rural nursing theory and theory of the built environment. The framework encompasses healthcare facility project phases, key translational concepts, and common traits across rural communities and cultures. As a middle-range theoretical framework, it is being tested in a current healthcare project with a Critical Access Hospital in Montana to facilitate design team and stakeholder collaboration. The rural community participatory design framework may be utilized by design teams as a means of familiarization with rural cultures, norms, values, and critical needs, which relate to meaningful design. The framework further enables design teams to critically appraise best practices of stakeholder engagement throughout the project lifecycle.

Last mile delivery of climate adaptation in Uganda, the need to integrate and decentralize climate adaptation planning and implementation processes

ABSTRACT Millions of people in Uganda are in need of urgent climate adaptation. The current central government-led top-down projects are inefficient and ineffective. These projects financed by multi-lateral global climate funds have with limited impact at community level. The Local Climate Living Adaptation facility (LoCAL) through its Performance-Based Climate Resilience Grants to local governments is much more efficient and effective. True last mile delivery of climate adaptation can be accomplished through the bottom-up District Development Planning process by assessing climate issues and capturing adaptation needs in village proposal sheets and turn them into Village Climate Adaptation Plans. To be able to rapidly provide locally led adaptation, systematically and continuously to the millions of people in need, integration of the three delivery mechanisms is proposed, where the millions of climate finance raised by the central government are channelled to district level as Performance-Based Climate Resilient Grants based on the adaptation needs captured in Village Climate Adaptation Plans.

Investigating the relationship of government revenue and expenditure on economic growth using a generalized method of moments: Does state-level panel ensure sustainable growth?

The current research project investigates the correlation between economic growth, government spending, and public revenue in seventeen Indian states spanning the years 1990 to 2020. An analysis of the relationship between key fiscal policy variables and economic growth was conducted utilising a panel data approach, the Generalised Method of Moments (GMM), and fully modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS & DOLS) estimation. In our investigation, we assessed the impacts of non-tax revenue, development plan expenditure, tax revenue, and development non-plan expenditure on (i) the net state domestic product (NSDP) and (ii) the NSDP per capita. The findings indicate that the selected fiscal variables are significantly related. The results indicate that expeditious expansion of the fiscal sector is obligatory to stimulate economic growth in India and advance the actual development of the economies of these states.

Design and Manufacturing of Solar Operated Automatic Fish Feeder System

One of the most significant aqua cultural endeavors to date is fish farming. Traditionally, the majority of fish feeding is done by hand, requiring the transportation of people to the feeding location. Fish feeding by hand requires more work, money, and time. Following an extensive survey of farmers across various regions regarding their approaches to fish farming, the Auto Switch Food Feeder, which utilizes new technologies to replace traditional farming methods, will automate farming practices. The design of the solar-powered fish feeder will be based on certain parameters, such as the capacity of the culture tank, stocking density, fish biomass, and feed diameter. Additionally, a user-friendly interface that is compact and convenient for farming will be designed. In the current project, user interface design and timing controls are applied to automate feeding methods, which will significantly save labor costs and efforts while improving the quality of fish feeding. Key Words: Fish Farming, Automatic feeding, automation etc.

Assessing the impact of unplanned settlements on urban renewal projects with GEE

Spatial plans and strategies ensure that urbanization takes place according to predetermined scientific and technical criteria. Urbanization that takes place without taking into account these legal and technical bases lead to the emergence of informal, risky and dysfunctional settlements. Over time, these settlements become increasingly vulnerable due to their failure to meet social and technical requirements, making their sustainability increasingly challenging, and inevitably becoming subjects of urban renewal activities. Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform's archive of satellite images provides temporal monitoring of urbanization on Earth for about 50 years and analysis of changes in the cloud environment. This study investigates whether the GEE platform can use to detect the impact of the areas where settlement activities are carried out without a development plan in the current urban transformation projects in Istanbul. Land use/cover maps classified with the Random Forest algorithm correlate urbanization activities in urban renewal areas with the entry into force date of the spatial plans that guide the settlement. The classification results evaluated in conjunction with statistical tests and spatial plan decisions demonstrate that unplanned urbanization is a serious obstacle to the sustainability of settlements. Additionally, the study results show the performance of the GEE platform in detecting the effects of factors in the urbanization period. The GEE platform can serve as a facilitative tool for deriving lessons from urbanization experiences to inform policymaking.

FASD: The Living Experience of People with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder—Results of an Anonymous Survey

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is considered a lifelong disability that has been framed with neurobiological descriptions focused on the brain. These are important features but fail to tell the story of living with FASD. By surveying those with FASD, this work expanded upon prior survey work which illustrated a multitude of early-onset physiological issues occurring at rates much higher than is typical of the general population. The current project, again using an anonymous survey methodology, sought to open up other direct experiences to better understand the complexity of living with FASD. An anonymous online survey was used to gather data on adversity in childhood, schooling, employment, housing and finances, and involvement with the criminal justice system, as well as relationships and parenting. Results indicate high levels of adversity throughout the life span; vulnerability to manipulation, which is connected to involvement in the criminal justice system; struggles with housing; economic instability; and struggles maintaining employment, as well as difficulties with social and familial relationships. Systemic stigma was also identified. Suggestions are offered to inform others on how support can be enhanced and targeted with a goal of improving quality of life, as well as dealing with self-imposed stigma. The survey was developed by adults living with FASD who have served as a long-standing advocacy and educational group influencing policy and practice in the field.

Интеграция мультимедийных образовательных технологий в учреждениях среднего звена: практический опыт

The article presents an analysis of the use of multimedia technologies in the educational environment of secondary vocational education. The use of multimedia technologies is considered as an opportunity to increase the efficiency of the educational process, improve the assimilation of educational material and develop the skills of technical students. They get the opportunity to create interactive lessons tailored to the individual needs and interests of students. The organization of collective work becomes more effective and convenient for all participants in the educational process. Using digital tools, teachers can create a variety of assignments, educational materials, check and evaluate student work online. This allows students to receive feedback on their achievements and progress in real time. The article draws attention to the importance of training in multimedia technologies for future professionals who are ready to use multimedia technologies, which expands the range of professional competencies and be more competitive in the labor market. The author pays special attention to the readiness of the pedagogical cluster of a technological college to use digital platforms and tools that can significantly change the level of teaching. In the digital educational environment, students can interact with each other and with the teacher through various communication channels and educational platforms, discuss modern trends and technologies, share ideas, ask questions and work together on current projects.

Using Drift Diffusion and RL Models to Disentangle Effects of Depression On Decision-Making vs. Learning in the Probabilistic Reward Task

The Probabilistic Reward Task (PRT) is widely used to investigate the impact of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) on reinforcement learning (RL), and recent studies have used it to provide insight into decision-making mechanisms affected by MDD. The current project used PRT data from unmedicated, treatment-seeking adults with MDD to extend these efforts by: (1) providing a more detailed analysis of standard PRT metrics—response bias and discriminability—to better understand how the task is performed; (2) analyzing the data with two computational models and providing psychometric analyses of both; and (3) determining whether response bias, discriminability, or model parameters predicted responses to treatment with placebo or the atypical antidepressant bupropion. Analysis of standard metrics replicated recent work by demonstrating a dependency between response bias and response time (RT), and by showing that reward totals in the PRT are governed by discriminability. Behavior was well-captured by the Hierarchical Drift Diffusion Model (HDDM), which models decision-making processes; the HDDM showed excellent internal consistency and acceptable retest reliability. A separate “belief” model reproduced the evolution of response bias over time better than the HDDM, but its psychometric properties were weaker. Finally, the predictive utility of the PRT was limited by small samples; nevertheless, depressed adults who responded to bupropion showed larger pre-treatment starting point biases in the HDDM than non-responders, indicating greater sensitivity to the PRT’s asymmetric reinforcement contingencies. Together, these findings enhance our understanding of reward and decision-making mechanisms that are implicated in MDD and probed by the PRT.

Drought Stress Might Induce Sexual Spatial Segregation in Dioecious Populus euphratica—Insights from Long-Term Water Use Efficiency and Growth Rates

P. euphratica stands as the pioneering and dominant tree within desert riparian forests in arid and semi-arid regions. The aim of our work was to reveal why dioecious P. euphratica in natural desert riparian forests in the lower Tarim River exhibits sexual spatial distribution differences combined with field investigation, tree ring techniques, isotope analysis techniques, and statistical analyses. The results showed that P. euphratica was a male-biased population, with the operational sex ratio (OSR) exhibiting spatial distribution differences to variations in drought stress resulting from groundwater depth change. The highest OSR was observed under mild drought stress (groundwater depth of 6–7 m), and it was reduced under non-drought stress (groundwater depth below 6 m) or severe drought stress (groundwater depth exceeding 7 m). As drought stress escalated, the degradation and aging of the P. euphratica forest became more pronounced. Males exhibited significantly higher growth rates and WUEi than females under mild drought stress. However, under severe drought stress, males’ growth rates significantly slowed down, accompanied by significantly lower WUEi than in females. This divergence determined the sexual spatial segregation of P. euphratica in the natural desert riparian forests of the lower Tarim River. Furthermore, the current ecological water conveyance project (EWCP) in the lower Tarim River was hard to fundamentally reverse the degradation and aging of the P. euphratica forest due to inadequate population regeneration. Consequently, we advocated for an optimized ecological water conveyance mode to restore, conserve, and rejuvenate natural P. euphratica forests.

Abstract PO3-04-12: SUMIT-BC: Phase 2 randomized study of fulvestrant with or without the cyclin-dependent kinase 7 inhibitor (CDK7i) samuraciclib in advanced hormone receptor positive (HR+) breast cancer after CDK4/6i

Abstract Background: CDK7 has 3 critical roles in cancer: enhanced transcription of oncogenes and upregulation of anti-apoptotic genes, acceleration of the cell cycle through phosphorylation of other CDKs and driving estrogen receptor (ER) resistance to hormonal therapy. Inhibition of CDK7 is therefore a potential novel anti-cancer therapeutic strategy. In an initial single-arm evaluation samuraciclib (CT7001), a once daily (QD) oral CDK7 inhibitor has demonstrated a favourable safety profile and clinical activity in combination with fulvestrant, a selective estrogen receptor degrader (SERD), in patients with HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer who have previously been treated with a CDK4/6 inhibitor. There was evidence of enhanced benefit in patients with no detectable TP53 mutation from baseline circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis and in patients without baseline liver metastases [1]. Samuraciclib is associated with low grade gastrointestinal (GI) adverse events such as nausea, vomiting and diarrhea managed with simple prophylaxis and patient counselling. An instant release capsule formulation was used in the initial clinical evaluation of samuraciclib requiring patients to take multiple capsules designed to rapidly release a large amount of material high in the GI tract. In this study a novel single tablet formulation will be administered which may enhance GI tolerability (2). This Phase 2 open-label randomised study will evaluate the efficacy, safety, pharmacokinetics and Quality of Life (QoL) impact of samuraciclib in combination with fulvestrant in comparison to a fulvestrant monotherapy control arm. Consistent with the principles of the current Project OPTIMUS initiative, 2 dose levels of samuraciclib will be evaluated [3]. All patients will undergo baseline ctDNA evaluation of TP53 mutation status to permit a prospective evaluation of its patient selection biomarker potential. Trial Design: Eligible patients will provide written informed consent, be aged 18 years or older, have histologically or cytologically confirmed ER+/HER2- advanced or metastatic breast cancer not amenable to resection or radiotherapy of curative intent, have received an aromatase inhibitor in combination with a CDK4/6 inhibitor in either the adjuvant or advanced setting, be receiving a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist if pre/perimenopausal and have RECIST v1.1 evaluable disease. Prior SERD, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor (mTORi) or chemotherapy for advanced breast cancer are not permitted. All patients will undergo baseline Guardant360 ctDNA analysis to establish their TP53 mutation status among others. 60 patients will be enrolled and will all receive fulvestrant 500mg IM administered on days 1, 15 and 29 and then monthly thereafter. Patients will be randomized 1:1:1 to fulvestrant alone, fulvestrant and samuraciclib 240mg QD or fulvestrant and samuraciclib 360mg QD. Patients will undergo RECIST v1.1 evaluation at baseline every 8-weeks until week 48, followed by every 12-weeks thereafter. The pharmacokinetics of samuraciclib and fulvestrant will be studied though the first 6 months of the study, with highest intensity during month 1. To evaluate Quality of Life (QoL) The Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy -Breast questionnaire (FACT-B) will be completed. The primary endpoint is clinical benefit response at 24 weeks. Secondary endpoints are tolerability, progression free survival, overall response rate, duration of response, and the pharmacokinetics of fulvestrant and samuraciclib. QoL and correlations between ctDNA detectable TP53 mutations and efficacy/safety finding in this patient population will be reported. The study opened for recruitment in June 2023.

Protective effects of flaxseed oil against dexamethasone induced skeletal muscle atrophy on rats

The production of omega-3 fatty acids in the lipids of muscle tissue was boosted by flaxseed oil (Linum usitatissimum), which is well-described in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. In skeletal muscle disorders, atrophy is a major problem which arises due to cachexia, sarcopenia and immobilization. Nevertheless, despite significant efforts, few FDA-approved medications are available in the market to treat skeletal muscle atrophy. The current project was conceptualized to investigate the protective effects of flaxseed oil against dexamethasone-induced muscular atrophy in adult Sprague Dawley Rats. Marketed preparation of dexamethasone was used to induce muscle atrophy and flaxseed oil was administered orally after disease induction of 7 days till 28 days. Body weight and behavioural studies were carried out to assess muscle mass and glucose. Due to its high antioxidant and fatty acid Omega-3 content, flaxseed oil promotes significant improvements in diseased animals. Rats administered with flaxseed oil demonstrated great weight gain and a decreased blood sugar level. After three weeks-blood sugar levels, muscle mass, momentary changes in rats and HDL levels were all significantly higher in the dexamethasone alone treated control group animals. Flaxseed oil protects against the biochemical and histopathological changes caused due to dexamethasone toxicity. The findings of this study reveals that, flaxseed oil protects against dexamethasone induced skeletal muscle atrophy and protective effect may be due to flaxseed oil's antioxidant properties. However, further research is essential to prove the protective effects of flaxseed oil in some more studies mainly revealing its actions at cellular and molecular level.

New horizons in undergraduate geriatric medicine education.

Current projections show that between 2000 and 2050, increasing proportions of older individuals will be cared for by a smaller number of healthcare workers, which will exacerbate the existing challenges faced by those who support this patient demographic. This review of a collection of Age and Ageing papers on the topic in the past 10years explores (1) what best practice geriatrics education is and (2) how careers in geriatrics could be made more appealing to improve recruitment and retention. Based on these deeper understandings, we consider, as clinician educators, how to close the gap both pragmatically and theoretically. We point out paradigm shifting solutions that include innovations at the Undergraduate level, use of simulation, incorporation of learner and patient perspectives, upskilling professionals outside of Geriatrics and integration of practice across disciplines through Interprofessional Learning. We also identify an education research methodological gap. Specifically, there is an abundance of simple descriptive or justification studies but few clarification education studies; the latter are essential to develop fresh insights into how Undergraduate students can learn more effectively to meet the needs of the global ageing challenge. A case of improving understanding in delirium education is presented as an illustrative example of a new approach to exploring at greater depth education and outlines suggested directions for the future.

Detection of Ochyromera ligustri (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Curculioninae) in Ligustrum spp. (Oleaceae) Using Newly Developed PCR Primers

Ligustrum spp. (Oleaceae) have become invasive species in the US and negatively affect native plant diversity and richness in forests. Ochyromera ligustri (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) is considered a potential biological control agent in the US because adults feed on the foliage and larvae are seed-feeders of Ligustrum spp. To discover the relationships between O. ligustri and Ligustrum spp., fruit dissections or rearing and field observations are required. In the current research project, novel PCR primers were developed to rapidly detect the DNA of O. ligustri in molecular analyses without rearing and observation. The developed PCR primers worked even with 0.01 ng of DNA and did not amplify the DNA of the other five curculionid species tested. When the novel primers were tested with three Ligustrum spp. species common in the southeastern US, the DNA of O. ligustri was detected from all three species. We expect that the novel primers will be utilized to find out the presence and impact of O. ligustri on Ligustrum spp rapidly and accurately.

Optimized MMC passive impedance shaping method for high frequency oscillation suppression

Recent years, there have been several high-frequency oscillation events in modular multilevel converter (MMC) based DC current projects. Considering the wideband oscillation characteristics of this issue, passive MMC impedance shaping methods are superior solutions for their advantages over the active methods in enhancing the broadband damping level. However, the optimization of parallel passive devices mainly focused on reactive power compensation and the suppression of characteristic harmonics generated by low-level inverters, which is not applicable to MMC systems. To address the optimization design problem of passive damping devices, this paper proposes an optimized design method for passive filters by analyzing the relationship between the passive damping device and the impedance shaping effect of the inverter. The proposed method reduces the capacity of the passive damping device while ensuring system stability margin. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed passive impedance shaping strategy is verified through time-domain simulations considering changes in AC side operating conditions and power reduction operation of the MMC.

Employee Monitoring System Using Power BI

Abstract: This paper introduces an HR attendance and task monitoring system, which has been developed utilizing Power BI. The system provides a comprehensive dashboard for HR personnel to visualize and track employee activity effectively. The dashboard includes key aspects such as Attendance Monitoring system works on real-time or historical attendance data can be showcased, letting HR to identifies trends, patterns, and potential attendance problems. Employee Skills & Roles this section presents a clear view of employee skillsets and assigned roles, helping in informed project allocation and resource management accurately. Project Assignments the dashboard keeps track of current project assignments for each employee, empowering HR to understand workload distribution and make adjustments when needed. By utilizing Power BI's data visualization and analysis abilities to the fullest extent, this system augments HR to gain crucial insights into employee activity. This assists in better decision-making in areas like attendance management, project allocation, and resource optimization, ultimately contributes to a more efficient and productive workforce

GausSN: Bayesian time-delay estimation for strongly lensed supernovae

ABSTRACT We present gausSN, a Bayesian semiparametric Gaussian Process (GP) model for time-delay estimation with resolved systems of gravitationally lensed supernovae (glSNe). gausSN models the underlying light curve non-parametrically using a GP. Without assuming a template light curve for each SN type, gausSN fits for the time delays of all images using data in any number of wavelength filters simultaneously. We also introduce a novel time-varying magnification model to capture the effects of microlensing alongside time-delay estimation. In this analysis, we model the time-varying relative magnification as a sigmoid function, as well as a constant for comparison to existing time-delay estimation approaches. We demonstrate that gausSN provides robust time-delay estimates for simulations of glSNe from the Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope and the Vera C. Rubin Observatory’s Legacy Survey of Space and Time (Rubin-LSST). We find that up to 43.6 per cent of time-delay estimates from Roman and 52.9 per cent from Rubin-LSST have fractional errors of less than 5 per cent. We then apply gausSN to SN Refsdal and find the time delay for the fifth image is consistent with the original analysis, regardless of microlensing treatment. Therefore, gausSN maintains the level of precision and accuracy achieved by existing time-delay extraction methods with fewer assumptions about the underlying shape of the light curve than template-based approaches, while incorporating microlensing into the statistical error budget. gausSN is scalable for time-delay cosmography analyses given current projections of glSNe discovery rates from Rubin-LSST and Roman.

A newly early warning model for anaerobic digestion systems: Based on an improved sparrow search algorithm combined with least square support vector machine

Anaerobic digestion as an important means of organic waste treatment will play a key role in the realization of ecological civilization and the goal of double carbon. However, the instability of the system due to the high sensitivity to operating conditions restricts the economy and sustainability of the current commercial biogas projects in China. Machine learning as an early warning and control tool for many industrial systems is also applicable to anaerobic digestion systems. Existing studies focus on the biogas or methane yield prediction of the system, while there are few studies have considered the acid-bases indicators, which is crucial to the stability of the system. In this study, an improved sparrow search algorithm was developed, and after comparing its performance with selected optimization algorithms using CEC2017 test suite, combined with LSSVM, was applied to the prediction of eight different indicators of anaerobic systems, and eight datasets were validated. The results show that the optimization algorithm proposed in this study improves the performance of LSSVM and the model of ISSALSSVM shows excellent potential in the early warning and controlling of anaerobic digestion system.

Critical Reflections on Universities, Publishing, and the Early Career Experience

This paper is a critical reflection on the changing relationship between university institutions, academic publishing, and young researchers. It emerges from a current project in assessing the role and development of Warwick University’s research journals (and their editors), but also takes into account two recent Warwick Institute of Advanced Study seminars discussing the practical and strategic challenge of publishing for early career scholars and PhD students. While these seminars concerned publishing in general, and the question of career trajectories, this reflection paper takes into account the current shifts in publishing and our understanding of research as knowledge production more broadly. This reflection maintains that, in part provoked by digital media, the status of research knowledge vis-à-vis its traditional presentation in the discrete products of the ‘article’, and the book, has become unstable, and this instability has opened up a range of economic and systemic conditions of knowledge production that have long since been concealed. Current shifts thus offer younger scholars and early career researchers significant opportunities: this short paper sets out the initial framework for a current research project focussing on university publishing, then it refers to the two above seminars in order to conclude with some critical issues for academic practice, research and for early career scholars.

A Study on Payment Willingness and Influencing Factors of Elderly People under the Home Community Elderly Care Model

The aging situation in our country is severe, and the aging process is accelerating. It is expected that by 2040, the proportion of elderly people aged 65 and above will reach 20% of the total population in the country. The number of elderly people is growing at a rate of 5% every year, and the proportion of elderly care will reach about 28%. The pressure of elderly care is heavy. And with the change of Chinese people's health concepts, the social family model is increasingly inclined towards miniaturization, and the living standards are constantly improving, which has put forward more diverse demands for the functions and operation of the new elderly care service model. This article takes elderly people aged 60 and above as the research object, adopts field research method, starts from the willingness of elderly people to pay for home-based community elderly care services, further understands the current situation of home-based community elderly care service models, and finally analyzes the questionnaire results and interview content, discusses the factors affecting the overall willingness to pay of elderly people, hoping to provide scientific basis for the pricing of current home-based community elderly care service projects.

P174 Identifying patterns of fatigue across flares in patients with axial spondyloarthritis

Abstract Background/Aims Fatigue is a common and debilitating symptom of axial spondyloarthritis and has a significant negative impact on quality of life for these patients. Previous qualitative and quantitative research indicates that fatigue significantly worsens during flares. There remains uncertainty around the quality and intensity of fatigue before a flare compared with during and after. This understanding could help in diminishing the unpredictability of flares and fatigue which has been identified as a key issue for patients and may aid self-management. The main aim of the current analysis was to determine whether there would be any significant differences in the distribution of fatigue scores depending on patients’ self-reported flare status. Methods The current project involved secondary analysis of patient data collected through the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases. A Kruskal Wallis test was conducted utilising anonymised Project Nightingale data from 286 patients collected via a mobile app. Data from a single time point for each patient were analysed. Fatigue was measured via responses to a 5-point scale. Patients’ data were organised into five categories depending on their self-reported flare status. This included flare started, flare continued, flare stopped and no flare. A fifth group was created where patients had reported their fatigue scores the day before a flare started. Results 43% percent of patients were female and 57% percent were male. There was at least one significant difference in rank totals between categories, H (4, n = 286) = 48.38, p < .001. Dunn’s post hoc tests were subsequently performed with Bonferroni adjusted p values for pairwise comparisons and are displayed in the table below. Fatigue was significantly higher in the flare continued category than in the no flare (p <.001), day before flare started (p = .008) and the flare stopped categories (p = .028). Inspection of medians and interquartile ranges suggested that fatigue appeared to be slightly higher the day before a flare started compared with no flare, however there were no other statistically significant differences between categories. Conclusion The results indicate that fatigue was highest during the middle of a flare as opposed to the start or end of a flare or the day before a flare. Future studies could include data at more time points including prior to, during and after flares. As previous literature implies that there may be two types of flare associated with different levels of fatigue, future studies could compare levels of fatigue between patients within these subgroups. This research could facilitate the refinement of interventions with the aim of minimising the unpredictability and impact of fatigue in axSpA patients. Disclosure S. Patel: None. R. Barnett: None. C. Cavill: None. R. Sengupta: Honoraria; R.S. has received honoraria from Abbvie, Biogen, BMS, Eli Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche and UCB, all unrelated to this abstract.